Alan Turing

Main Contributions:

Turing contributed significantly to AI, theoretical biology, and cryptography.
He created the Turing machine, a machine that manipulates symbols by reading the instructions from a tape, forming the basic model of a computer.
Alan Turing cracked the German Enigma code during World War 2, creating the mathematical model for modern computers.
He also created the Turing Test which can define, test, and determine the "intelligence" of artificial intelligence.

Alan Turing attended Sherborne School, a British independent boys' private boarding and day school, from the ages of thirteen to eighteen.
Later, he enrolled in King's College, a prestigious higher education school in England, from 1931 to 1934.
Turing also studied mathematics and cryptology at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey and earned a Ph. D. in 1938.